Iintsholongwane kunye nezifo zinganwenwa. Xa umntu ekhayeni lakho egula sisifo esosulelayo, ukulumka okungaphezulu kuyafuneka ukuthintela ukunwenwa kwesifo kwamanye amalungu osapho.

Ulwazi ngeentsholongwane kunye nezifo ukuba zinwenwa njani linyathelo lokuqala lokuthintela ukosuleleka.

Iintsholongwane zezi seli zincinane zinganye nganye ziphilayo ezibonakala kwimakroskopu kuphela. Iintsholongwane zifumana izondlo koko kuzingqongileyo, apho ekungenzeka kube nguwe okanye enye into ephilayo okanye isilwanyana.

Zombini ezilungileyo nezingalunganga iintsholongwane zikhona. Imizekelo yentsholongwane ezilungileyo zezo ziluncedo kwinkqubo yokucola ukutya nasekuyigcineni isebenza ngendlela kwaye zithintela iintsholongwane ezinobungozi zingangeni.

Ezinye iintsholongwane zisetyenziselwa ukwenza amayeza kunye nezitofu.

Ezinobungozi iintsholongwane zinegalelo ukwenza imingxuma emazinyweni, ulosuleleko lwendlebe, umqala obuhlungu kunye nezinye izifo ezosulelayo.

Izifo zintsolongwane ezincinane eziphilayo, zincinci ukudlula intsolongwane ibhaktiriya. Izifo ziyazala kwaye ziphila kuphela xa zingaphakathi kwi seli ephilayo. Nangona ixesha lazo lokuphila ngaphandle kwe seli ephilayo lilincinci, ezinye izifo ziyaphila iintsuku ziphila kwizinto ezingaphiliyo nakwi mathiriyeli.

Ukuba umzimba ophilayo uthe wosuleleka sisifo, incindi zomzimba zibanesifo. Futhi ukuba ezincindi zithe zasala kumphandle wento, njengomphambo wokuvula umnyango okanye impompo yamanzi, isifo singahlala kumphandle wazo ixesha elingangeyure okanye iintsuku futhi zosulele omnye umzimba ophilayo.

Umzimba nguye nawuphi ophilayo othi intsholongwane okanye isisfo siphile kuwo ukuze sifumane ukutya okanye ukhuseleko. Umntu okanye isilwanyana — iikati, iizinja, iintaka, nayiphi into ephilayo — ingaba lixhoba.

Xa isifo siwuthyutyhile umzimba womntu okanye isilwanyana (umzimba olixhoba), siyanda futhi sinwenwa lula yaye singamgulisa. Izifo ziyazenza izigulo ezingephi ezinjenge ngqele, kodwa zikwabangela izigulo ezinobuzaza njenge masisi. 

Iintsholongwane kunye nezifo (iintsholongwane) zinganwenwa ngendlela ezininzi. Ezona ndlela zintathu ezibangela ukosuleleka:

Uqhagamishelwano ngqo

Uqhagamishwelano ngokungathanga ngqo

Emoyeni

Uqhagamishelwano nqgo

Ukubambana nqgo kuthetha ukuthi, enyanisweni, umntu-nomntu babambane. Oku kuquka ukuxhawula izandla, nika-isihlanu, ungqubanisa amanqindi, ukuncamisana kunye nokwangana.

Ukuba ubani uthe waba lixhoba lokuthwala iintsholongwane, incindi zomzimba zibanentsholongwane. Xa ethimla okanye ekhohlela, amathontsi encindi angena ezandleni zakhe.

Ukuba uthe wabamba ngqo omnye umntu, njengoku xhawula isandla, angosulela intsholongwane kulowo mntu.

Uqhagamishelwano ngokungathanga ngqo

Uqhagamishelwano ngokungathanga ngqo kwenzeka xa omnye esasaza intsholongwane ngento, omnye umntu abambe leyonto, kwaye intsholongwane zinwenwele kulo mntu.

Iintsholongwane zingahlala kwi:

Isibambi

Iindawo zokubambelela zezistephu

Imiphezulu yeetafile

Etuphu

Umxeba

Izitshixo

Amakhadi wemali

IiThabulethi

Iremote

Iikhibodi

Ipeni

Nayo nayiphi into ebambekayo kwanemiphezulu

Ke ixhoba lithi lithimle okanye likhohlele libeselibamba umphambo wokuvula umnyango, lishiya intsholongwane kuwo.

Omnye umntu abambe kwawona lowo mphambo wonyango kwaye achole leyontsholongwane.

Ukuba umntu uthi abambe amehlo, impumlo, umlomo okanye iindlebe ngaphambikokuba ahlambisise iizandla, iintsholongwane zingangena emzimbeni wakhe.

Enye indlela eqhelekiyo yokwasulelana ngqo yenzeka xa abantu besabelana ngezinto. Amathontsi encindi yomzimba akhona kuyoyonke into ethe yasondela emlonyeni womnye umntu.

Ulwasuleleko ngokungekho ngqo lwenzeka xa abantu bathi babelane ngezixhobo, ibhotile zamanzi, iziselo, ukutya, njalonjanlo, yaye iintsholongwane zingosulela ukusuka kumntu omnye ukuya komnye.

Emoyeni

Iintsholongwane zingahamba ngomoya zisuke komnye umntu ziye komnye umntu.

Njengokuba, iintsholongwane zikhululelwa emoyeni xa ixhoba likhohlela okanye lithimla. Lamathontsi mancinane asuka kolukhohlokhohlo kunye nokuthimla angahamba ngomoya anwenwise intsholongwane ide ifike phezukwento okanye omnye umntu.

Abantu basusa izikhumba kunye neenwele rhoqo. Ezizinto zingaba neentsholongwane ezingahamba ngomoya kwaye zosulele abanye.

Into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka siyazi yileyokuba umntu angabalixhoba engazazi yena. Umzekelo, umntu angabanesifo emzimbeni wakhe kodwa angabinazimpawu zokugula. Yena, enyanisweni, angangaze agule. Kodwa omnye umntu othe wabambana naye angayichola intsholongwane kwaye agule. 

Zinwenwa njani iintsholongwane kunye neZifo

Ngenxa yokuba iintsholongwane zosulela lula ukusuka kumntu ukuya komnye, kubalulekile ukubekwa wedwa nabani ogulayo okanye ongagula sisifo esosulelayo ukukhusela-usapho, izihlobo, abanxulumane naye kwakunye noluntu ekuhlaleni. Ukubekwa wedwa kuthetha ukuthi kususwa umntu lowo ukuze kungabinantsholongwane zidlulela kwabanye abantu.

Ukuba omnye ekhayeni lenu uyagula sisifo esosulelayo (okanye ukrokrela ukuba lomntu unempawu zokosuleleka), yenza okulandelayo ngokukhawuleza:

1. Gcina amalungu onke osapho ekhaya.
2. Ungayi emsebenzini okanye eskolweni. Sebenzela okanye ufundele ekhaya.
3. Qhagamishelana nogqirha wakho ufumane ingcebiso. Tsalela umnxeba ikliniki okanye iOffice kagqirha okanye isibhedlela phambikokuba uye. Ingaba licebo ukuhlala endlini kwaye ukhusele abanye ukuba bangosuleleki yintsholongwane, ngaphandle kokuba isigulo sikongamele.
4. Qaphela: Ukuba umntu unempawu ezinobuzaza, njengokuvaleka umphefumlo, ifiva ephezulu, njalonjalo, funa uncedo olukhawulezileyo lwezonyango.
4. Gcina umntu lowo ugulayo yedwa asuke kwamanye amalungu osapho. Qinisekisa abantu abadala kunye nabasemngciphekweni bagcinwa kude nomntu ogulayo.
5. Ungavumeli umntu ogulayo abambe izilwanyana zasekhaya okanye noba sesiphina isilwanyana.
6. Ukuba umntu ogulayo uphatha ikati okanye inja yakhe, umzekelo, angashiya intsholongwane eboyeni besilwanyana sakhe enokusasazeka kwizilwanyane ezinye.
6. Thatha umntu ogulayo umhlalise kwigumbi elahlukileyo ade abekwimeko elungileyo kwaye engenakosulela.
7. Fumana kugqirha wakho ukutsho xa kulungile ukuba umntu lowo angabuyela emsebenzini okanye ahlangane nabanye abantu.
8. Qaphela ucokisise ukulandela zonke iincwadi ngococeko nangokubulala iintsholongwane nangokucetyiswa okunikezwa yile ncwadana.

uCoceko kunye nokuGutyula iinthsolonwane

Ukucoca rhoqo kunye nokugutyula iintsholongwane kuyimfuneko xa omnye ekhayeni lakho egula sisifo esosuleyo.

Ukucoca kubhekisa ekususeni ubumdaka kunye nokungcola okuphezu kwezinto. Ukucoca kodwa akususi zonke iintsholonwane.

Ukugutyula kubhekisa ekusebenziseni isibulali zintsholongwane ukubula iintsholongwane kwimiphezulu yezinto. Ukugutyula kuthetha ukuthi kucociwe, kodwa ngokubulala iintsholongwane kwimiphandle yezinto emvakoko ucoceko, lungaqhubeka luthobe ingozi yokunwenwa nokwasuleleka.

Iimveliso ezisetyenziswa ukugutyula

Xa omnye umntu wosapho egula kwaye ebekwe yedwa, yandisa indlela oqhele ukucoca ngayo futhi ugutyule, ngokukhethekile rhoqo kwimiphandle ebanjwa njalo, njenge tafile, imiphambo yamacango, iswitshi zezibane, imiphambo, iidesika, iimfonomfono, izindluzangasese, iimpmpo kunye nesinki.

1. Ukucoca umphezulu wendawo, sebenzisa isibulala ntsholongwane esingumlungiselelo. Yenza unlinganiselo oyi 3% (umlinganiselo wasekhaya) ukuya ku 7.9%.
2. Esinye isibulali ntsholongwane esinamandla ngumrhayo wotywala okanye ushikixe utywala. Sebenzisa izinto ezinotywala ezine 70% yotywala. Ungasebenzisi izinto ezinotywala obungaphezu kwe 90%, njengoko izuqhuma phambi kokubulala iintsholongwane.
3. Ungasebenzisa ibleach namanzi axutyiweyo ihafu yekomityi (amacephe amane) ebleach kwikota yamanzi apholileyo (20 ml kwilitha yamanzi apholileyo). Xa ulungiselela ibleach, soloko ujonga ukuphelelwa kwebhotile ukuqinisekisa ukuba Ibleach ayiphelwanga lixesha.
4. Qaphela: Ungaze uyidibanise ibleach nenye into yokucoca ngaphandle kwamanzi.
4. Funda rhoqo ulandele imigaqo yomenzi okokuba uyifaka kanjani isibulali ntsholongwane, nexesha ekufanele ishiywe ngalo isibulali ngaphezulu.

Igumbi lomntu obekwe yedwa

Ukuba kufuneka ubambene nomntu ogulayo, ngenxa yeminyaka okanye ubulwelwe:

1. Rhoqo faka imaski yokugquma ubuso kunye neeglavu ngaphambi kokuba ungene kwigumbi lomguli.
2. Qinisekisa ukuba umguli naye ufaka imaski yokugquma ubuso phambi kokuba ungene kwelo gumbi.
3. Yisuse yaye uyilahle imaski yakho nee glavu kumgqomo wenkunkuma ofakwe umpheto njengoba uphuma kwigumbi.
4. Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle.

Igumbi lokuhlambela

Isigulana esibekwe sodwa kufanele sisebenzise igumbi lokuhlambela elohlukileyo kwelabanye ekhaya.

Ukuba igumbi elohlikileyo alikho:

1. Gutyulisisa ngokupheleleyo igumbi lokuhlambela njalo emva kokusetyenziswa, landela imigcasikhokhelo ngokucoca nango kugutyula oyinikezwe kulencwadana.
2. Sebenzisa iiglavu ezilahlwayo (kwakunye ne maski yobuso, ukuba unayo enye) xa ucoca kwaye ugutyula igumbi lokuhlambela.
3. Xa ugqiba ukugutyula, susa futhi ulahle iiglavu.
4. Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle.

Izitya kunye nezixhobo

Umntu obekwe yedwa bucala kufanele asebenzise izitya ezilahlwayo kunye nezixhobo ezilahlwayo.

Ukuba izitya ezilahlwayo nezixhobo ezilahlwayo azikho, hlamba kwaye ugutyule izitya kumatshini wokuhlamba izitya onamaqondo aphezulu obushushu ukufika 150 (65 amaqondo).

Ukuba akuna sepha yokuhlamba izitya, gutyululisisa izitya ngokugqibeleleyo ngokwenza oku kulandelayo:

1. Sebenzisa iiglavu ezilahlwayo (kunye ne maski, ukuba unayo enye) ukuthatha izitya ezisebenzileyo ukuzisa esinkini. Zinxibe kuwe iiglavu.
2. Cokisisa ukuhlamba kunye nokupula izitya kwanezixhobo.
3. Zisuse futhi uzilahle iiglavu. Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle. Faka ezinye ezintsha iiglavu.
4. Sokisha izitya ezicociweyo okwemizuzwana emibini kumxube we tispuni ezi 2 ze blitshi nge galoni e1 yamanzi abandayo (10 ml yeblitshi kwi 4 litha yamanzi abandayo).
5. Zomise kwaye uzomise ngomoya.
6. Zikhupe futhi uzilahle iiglvu.
7. Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle.

Inkunkuma

1. Yahlula umgqomo wenkunkuma ofakwe umphetho wenzele igumbi lomguli.
2. Sebenzisa iiglavu ezilahlwayo (kunye ne maski, ukuba unayo enye) xa ususa iingxowa zenkunkuma naxa ubamba kwaye ulahla inkunkuma yomntu ogulayo.
3. Beka ingxowa evalisisekileyo kwisitya sangaphandle senkunkuma.
4. Zisuse futhi uzilahle iiglavu.
5. Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle.

Yokuhlamba

Rhoqo nxiba iiglavu ezilahlwayo (kunye ne maski, ukuba unayo enye) xa uphatha iimpahla zomntu ogulayo sisifo esosulelayo.

1. Gcina iimpahla zomntu ogulayo zahlukile kwezamalungu osapho. Bonelela ngengxowa elahlwayo okanye enomphetho okwaziyo ukuhlambeka kunye nempahla zomguli.
2. Isilumnkiso: Ungazivuthululi iimpahla ukwenzela zinganwenwisi iintsholongwane ngomoya!
2. Hlamba iimpahla ngokomyaleyo wematshini yokuhlamba, usebenzise umlinganiselo wobushushu ofanelekileyo. Okukona amaqondo obushushu ephezulu, kokukona uzibulala iinthsolongwane.
3. Isilumnkiso: Ungawuzalisi uphuphumale umatshini ngempahla okanye impahla yebhedi. Shiya isikhewu esaneleyo samanzi ukuze akwazi ukuhlamba iintsholongwane zisuke.
3. Xa ugqibile ukufaka iimpahla zomguli kwimatshini, susa kwaye ulahle iiglavu.
4. Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle.
5. Qalisa umjikelo wokuhlamba. Kanye xa amanzi ebaleka ngaphakathi kwimatshini, yongeza 1/2 ukuya kwikomityi 1 (120 ukuya 240 ml) ye hayidrojini perozidi (hydrogen peroxide) kwi matshini yokuhlamba.
6. Isilumnkiso: Ungagaleli iHayidrojini perozidi (hydrogen peroxide) ngqo kuyo nayiphi na into engekho mhlophe, njengoba iyakuyi thsintsha umbala.
6. Yomisa iimpahla ngokupheleleyo kwelona qondo lobushushu liphezulu libekiweyo kumatshini.
7. Gutyula imatshini yokuhlamba ngokomyalelo wabavelisi.
8. Phambi kokuba ufake omnye umphetho phakathi, coca kwaye ubulale iintsholongwa ezikwi bhaskiti yempahla zomguli ulandela iingcebiso ozinikezwe kule ncwadana. 

Isishwankathelo

Ngokulandela imigcasikhokhelo kunye nezilumnkiso kule ncwadana, unganceda ukukhusela ukunwenwa kwesifo. 




Olu lwazi lunikezwe apha lwenziwe ngenjongo zenkcazelo kuphela kwaye akufanelanga lutolikwe njengoluthatha indawo yengcebiso lwezonyango. Rhoqo funa ingcebiso kagqirha wakho okanye abanye abanelungelo lokunikezela ngenkozo zempilo malunga nemibuzo onayo.




Uluhlulwamagama

emoyeni: zingena okanye zihambe ngomoya.

intsholongwane: zizinto ezincinane eziphilayo ezine seli enye zibonakala kwimakroskopu kuphela. Iintsholongwane zikhona phantse kuyo yonke indawo, kuquka phakathi kunye nemizimba yabantu, ezinye ziluncedo, njengee ntsholongwane ezinceda ukucola ukutya esiswini. Ezinye zingaba neziphumo ezinobungozi, njengezo zibangela ukubola kwamazinyo okanye izifo.

incindi zomzimba: zincindi eziphuma ngaphakathi emzimbeni, njenga mathe, umchamo, umkhwinya kunye ne gazi.

ithontsi: lithontsi elincinci lamanzi aphuma xa umntu ekhohlela, ethimla, ethetha, njalonjalo, aphethe into ephuma ematheni naku mkhwinya kwaye kungenzeka zithwele iarhente ezisulelayo njenge sifo kunye nentsholongwane.

ibakala: ngoku phathelele kwiqondo okanye ukulinganisela kwisikali kucazululo ngokomgangatho, kwibakala, ixabiso, ukuqinisa, njalonjalo.

ixhoba: into ephilayo okanye into ehlala ezinye izinto eziphilayo.

ezingaphiliyo: zezingena zimpawu ezinxulumene nokusebenza, zinokuphila nonga phili.

usuleleko: isifo okanye isimo sokugula sibangwa zizifo, nentsholongwane, njalonjalo.

ubulwelwe: isimo sokugula esibanga ukuphelelwa ngamandla.

imasisi: isifo esosulela kakhulu, sivamise ukwenzeka ebuntwaneni, ngempawu eziquka amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye namaqhakuva abomvu agcwala umzimba.

isilumkiso: yinto eyenziwayo ukukhusela abantu kwisifo esingahlasela, kukulimala okanye kwingxaki.

ukugutyula iintsholongwane: sisenzo sokwenza into ukugutyula, ukucoca kwaye ususe intsholongwane ezincinane ezibanga isifo.

umxube: umxube wezinto ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu, njengento eqinileyo enyibilikayo emanzini.

emngciphekweni: kungenzeka ibe nefuthe okanye ichatshazelwe yinto ethile.

usasazo: lusasazo lwesifo, isigulo okanye isifo ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.

sasazo: kubanga isifo, isigulo okanye isifo sigqithele ebantwini okanye sidlule komnye siye komnye.

indlela yomchamo: yindlela yamalungu omzimba kunye namalungu emzimbeni avelisa, agcine kwaye akhuphe umchamo.

isifo: yimvelaphi yesifo esosulelayo emzibeni esincinane esibonakala kwimakroskopu. Isifo singahlasela abantu abaphililyo ngengqele okanye ngesifo esinobuzaza.